ENERGY EFFICIENT?
OR SNEAKY SCAM????

Not everything that is touted as energy-efficient can really save energy.
Here is a table to show which items save and which don't:

ENERGY CHARACTERISTICS OF
VARIOUS KINDS OF TECHNOLOGY
KEY USAGE Significant savings
.90 and better
Moderate savings
.91 ... .96
Negligible effect
.97 ... 1.03
Moderate loss
1.04 ... 1.10
Significant loss
1.11 and worse
TRAIT
NOTES
Breakthrough Notable idea
Beware Fraud warning


AUTOMOTIVE
Technology Fuel
Use
Usage
Cost
Renew
able
Advantages Disadvantages
Fuel Miser varies varies no Shows driver when he is wasting energy with his driving Has no effect if driver is already driving efficiently
Magnets on gas line 1.00 1.00 no Keeps steel particles out of engine Probable scam, claiming alignment of molecules; has no saving effect; if molecules are aligned, fittings downstream unalign them again
Magnet in crankcase 1.00 1.00 no Collects iron and steel particles from engine oil Probable scam; has no real saving effect, other than reducing engine wear
Fuel pressure regulator 1.00 1.00 no None, unless equipment built into car is malfunctioning Pressure regulation is already provided in the carburetor or injector units
Double gap spark plugs 1.05 1.05 no The second gap is supposed to make a hotter spark Wastes fuel if plugs are not kept in top condition
Water injection .99 1.01 no Makes gasoline burn more efficiently Effect is very small, and can cause trouble if misadjusted
Pogue carburetor 1.00 1.00 no None - it doesn't exist. This was a scam in the 1930s to bilk investors into buying worthless stock. The outside of the car's carburetor was machined to look different, and the car was fitted with a hidden extra gas tank, so the gas mileage tests showed a high mileage. Amazingly, people still believe it was real, and that oil companies somehow bought it just to keep it out of the hands of the public.
Adding acetone to gasoline .98 1.10 no Slight mileage improvement Higher cost of the acetone; acetone evaporates and escapes
Mini Supercharger 1.10 1.10 no More power Lower gas mileage, as it forces fuel into the engine when it is not needed
Biodiesel 1.00 .90 semi Replaces diesel fuel with used cooking oil; cleaner exhaust Limited supply; requires Diesel engine
Ethanol E20 1.00 1.03 semi Replaces some gasoline with ethanol Energy needed to make ethanol is almost as much as ethanol produces
Ethanol E85 1.00 1.10 semi Replaces some gasoline with ethanol Energy needed to make ethanol is almost as much as ethanol produces; needs engine modifications
Natural gas conversion 1.00 .30 no Uses energy source found in US; lower pollution Obtaining fuel in unfamiliar location; danger from leaks; needs engine modifications
Hybrid gasoline/electric .75 .75 no Store wasted energy; recover braking energy Initial cost; battery replacement cost; no winter mode; same kind of emissions as standard engine
Hybrid gasoline/electric attachment .90 1.05 no Charge at home, motors aid gas engine Initial cost; battery replacement cost; no winter mode; same kind of emissions as standard engine; does not store braking energy; engine does not charge battery; no help on long trip
Hydrogen powered car 1.60 2.00 depends
on
source
Pollution is mainly confined to the original energy source Not an energy source; uses 60% more energy than using original energy source; NOx emission; obtaining fuel in unfamiliar location; danger from leaks; no winter mode
Hydrogen electrolysis booster attachment 1.02 1.05 no None Bad science; Uses more energy from the engine than it provides; produces dangerous chlorine gas if salt is added
Home hydrogen production 1.60 2.00 depends
on
source
Make hydrogen from water at home for use in car, using power lines Uses 60% more energy than using original energy source; NOx emission; danger from leaks; produces dangerous chlorine gas if salt is added
Electric car 1.40 1.60 depends
on
source
Charge car from power lines at home to drive locally Initial cost; battery replacement cost; no winter mode; limited range
Compressed air 1.80 2.50 depends
on
source
Pollution is mainly confined to the original energy source Not an energy source; uses 80% more energy than using original energy source; obtaining fuel in unfamiliar location; danger from leaks; no winter mode

HOME ENERGY
Technology Fuel
Use
Usage
Cost
Renew
able
Advantages Disadvantages
Added insulation varies 0 semi Slows energy leakage into and out of house None
Tubular fluorescents replace incandescent lamps .25 .35 no More efficient lighting; available in several colors; long life Bright-lines and gaps in spectrum changes some colors; can't be used in special lighting equipment; can't be focused; burn out quick in motion detector lights
Compact fluorescents replace incandescent lamps .25 .35 no More efficient lighting; available in several colors; long life Bright-line (non-continuous) spectrum changes some colors; can't be used in special lighting equipment; burn out quick in motion detector lights
Metallic halide arc lamps .15 .25 no More efficient lighting; available in several colors; long life Bright-line (non-continuous) spectrum changes some colors; can't be used in special lighting equipment; take 10 minutes to start; large wattages required; high voltages
Light Emitting Diodes replace incandescent lamps .05 .05 no Highly efficient lighting; available in several colors; very long life Gaps in spectral response changes some colors; can't be used in special lighting equipment
Dimmers .95 .95 no Reduces power consumption for incandescent lighting; lengthens lamp life Can't be used with fluorescent lighting; works badly with light emitting diodes
Air circulation fans .90 .92 no Reduces heating and cooling needs by circulating air Effect depends on if heating or cooling savings outweigh power used by fans
Phase control of electric power to motors .80 .80 no Reduces power draw of such motors as fans, slowing them down Can damage some motors
Pulse modulation of electric power to motors .98 .80 no None This could be illegal, because it fools the electric meter into recording a lower power usage
Setback thermostat .80 .80 no Turns down energy use at certain times of day None
Time clock switch on appliance .80 .80 no Shuts off appliance at certain times of day Can erase settings in appliance
Unplugging nonprogrammable appliances that are not in use .99 .99 no Stops energy use when appliances are not in use Saving is very small; Doesn't save energy on appliances with real on-off switches that disconnect power
Unplugging programmable appliances (e.g. VCR) that are not in use 1.01 1.01 no Stops energy use when appliances are not in use Saving is more than offset by time needed to put the program back in before using the appliance; time needed to reprogram appliance to work again
Home hydrogen production 1.60 2.00 depends
on
source
Make hydrogen from water at home for use in the home, using power lines This is a scam; uses 60% more energy than using original energy source without providing any benefit (other than a gaseous fuel); NOx emission; danger from leaks; produces dangerous chlorine gas if salt is added

POWER GENERATION
Technology Fuel
Use
Usage
Cost
Renew
able
Advantages Disadvantages
Coal power 1.00 .80 no Pollution is mainly confined to the generation site Dirty, polluting exhaust
Fuel oil power 1.00 1.10 no Pollution is mainly confined to the generation site High oil prices; polluting exhaust
Natural gas power 1.00 0.95 no Pollution is mainly confined to the generation site Polluting exhaust; danger from leaks
Wood power 1.00 .70 yes Can use wastes Polluting exhaust; limited availability
Garbage (biomass) power .50 1.10 semi Gets rid of waste Location critical; affects wildlife; polluting exhaust
Hydroelectric power 0 .80 yes No pollution Location critical; affects wildlife
Geothermal power 0 .80 yes No pollution Location critical
Wind power 0 .80 yes No pollution Location critical; affects wildlife; not reliable on a daily basis, limited amounts
Solar power 0 1.40 yes No pollution Not reliable on a daily basis, limited amounts, weather damage
Tidal power 0 .80 yes No pollution Location critical; affects wildlife; not reliable on a daily basis
Wave power 0 .80 yes No pollution Location critical; not reliable on a daily basis
Nuclear power .50 .80 no Abundant source Hazardous wastes, potential use to make weapons
Methane hydrate 1.00 1.05 no Mining it removes ocean hazard; produces natural gas substitute Accidental underwater release can sink ships; polluting exhaust; danger from leaks
Coal gasification 1.10 1.20 no Makes a natural gas substitute Loss of energy to change form and chemical composition; hazard from leaks; no change in CO2
Exhaust converting algae beds .99 1.10 no Produces food or fuel from the algae Large size of beds to convert a substantial amount of CO2; doesn't work at night
CO2 Sequestering 1.05 1.10 no None Power needed to compress CO2; possible leaks
Hydrogen from water 1.66 2.00 depends
on
source
Pollution is mainly confined to the original energy source; can be used to store a portion of power that would otherwise be wasted Not an energy source; energy used to dissociate water IS the energy stored in the hydrogen; uses 66% more energy than using original energy source; NOx emission; danger from leaks; hazard from electrolyte
Hydrogen from alkanes 1.60 2.50 no Pollution is mainly confined to the original energy source; plus the byproducts Less efficient than the original fuel; uses 60% more energy than using original energy source; NOx emission; danger from leaks; byproducts
Hydrogen from aluminum 2.60 4.50 no Pollution is mainly confined to the original energy source; plus the byproducts All claims about this ignore the cost and energy used to produce the aluminum and lye; uses 160% more energy than using original energy source; NOx emission; danger from leaks; byproducts
Cold Fusion 9.99 9.99 no None Bad science; This was hypothesized to be catalyzed fusion of deuterium in heavy water; The observed reaction was due to impurities in the palladium chemically reacting with the water; Not an energy source
Hot Fusion ? ? yes No pollution Theoretically possible, but has not been achieved; in the distant future if at all


COMMON FALLACIES ABOUT ENERGY

The following are commonly believed fallacies in the field of energy production and use:

  1. The oil companies buy up alternate technologies to keep people from buying less oil.

    This is ridiculous. If the oil companies do have such inventions, they could make more money by selling such devices than they could by selling oil. The only explanation for such a claim (that companies bought up technology to suppress it) that makes any sense is that it is a cover up for the fact that the technology either was fake, or didn't work as claimed.

  2. Oil companies can control the price of oil.

    If an oil company raises its prices, the other oil companies can make more money by NOT raising their prices. They then gain the business the company that raised its prices loses. Only an entity with a monopoly can control prices. Oil companies are not monopolies. But some governments, and OPEC, do have monopoly powers.

  3. Hydrogen is an energy source.

    Hydrogen is a means for storing and transporting energy. But any process used to get hydrogen uses up more energy than is returned by using the hydrogen as a fuel.

  4. Hydrogen engines and fuel cells produce only water as an exhaust.

    If air is used instead of pure oxygen, the process of using the energy stored in the hydrogen also produces nitrogen oxides, which are considered to be pollutants.

  5. Salt is just a catalyst, and does not enter the process of water electrolysis.

    Not only does the salt enter the reaction, but it changes the products of the reaction. Instead of hydrogen and oxygen, the electrolysis of salt water produces hydrogen, chlorine, and sodium hydroxide. The last two are deadly poisons.

    One place where it looks like there is a gain in energy due to this reaction is that the chlorine so produced is released into the atmosphere, but oxygen taken from the atmosphere is used to burn the hydrogen. The trouble with this is that the chlorine and sodium hydroxide are released into the environment as pollutants, in exchange for the energy gain. The chlorine then contributes to acid rain or lung diseases.

  6. It is possible to find a catalyst that reduces the energy needed to electrolyze water to the point that more energy can be obtained from the hydrogen than is put into the electrolysis.

    Catalysts can reduce the activation energy of an exothermic reaction. But electrolysis of water is endothermic. There is no possible way to reduce the energy required to separate water into hydrogen and oxygen. (Salt water reduces the energy by changing the products.) Anyone searching for such a catalyst is wasting his time.

  7. Chlorophyll is a catalyst.

    Chlorophyll fits the definition of a catalyst only in the sense that it is not consumed in the reaction, and that it does produce a reaction. But the difference is that chlorophyll uses light energy to power the reaction.

  8. Vehicles can be built to get any desired gasoline mileage.

    There is a finite amount of energy in a gallon of gasoline. How it is used depends on the design. But you can't get more energy than the gasoline contains. The variables to be traded off are acceleration rates, vehicle mass, vehicle strength, and available power.

  9. Devices that make hydrogen from electrical power taken from the engine can increase gas mileage.

    This is a scam. The energy taken from the engine to electrolyze the water is always greater than the energy the hydrogen so produced can deliver.

  10. Government can do the best job of finding alternate energy sources.

    Government is ill-equipped to do any kind of research properly, because most government officials put politics above finding the truth.

Alternate energy does not gain from the false beliefs listed here. Instead, the false beliefs cause others to think the entire alternate energy movement is an attempt to impose socialist beliefs on others.

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