Not everything that is touted as energy-efficient can really save energy.
Here is a table to show which items save and which don't:
ENERGY CHARACTERISTICS OF
VARIOUS KINDS OF TECHNOLOGY |
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KEY | USAGE | Significant savings .90 and better |
Moderate savings .91 ... .96 |
Negligible effect .97 ... 1.03 |
Moderate loss 1.04 ... 1.10 |
Significant loss 1.11 and worse |
TRAIT NOTES |
Breakthrough | Notable idea | Beware | Fraud warning | ||
AUTOMOTIVE
|
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---|---|---|---|---|---|
Technology | Fuel Use |
Usage Cost |
Renew able |
Advantages | Disadvantages |
Fuel Miser | varies | varies | no | Shows driver when he is wasting energy with his driving | Has no effect if driver is already driving efficiently |
Magnets on gas line | 1.00 | 1.00 | no | Keeps steel particles out of engine | Probable scam, claiming alignment of molecules; has no saving effect; if molecules are aligned, fittings downstream unalign them again |
Magnet in crankcase | 1.00 | 1.00 | no | Collects iron and steel particles from engine oil | Probable scam; has no real saving effect, other than reducing engine wear |
Fuel pressure regulator | 1.00 | 1.00 | no | None, unless equipment built into car is malfunctioning | Pressure regulation is already provided in the carburetor or injector units |
Double gap spark plugs | 1.05 | 1.05 | no | The second gap is supposed to make a hotter spark | Wastes fuel if plugs are not kept in top condition |
Water injection | .99 | 1.01 | no | Makes gasoline burn more efficiently | Effect is very small, and can cause trouble if misadjusted |
Pogue carburetor | 1.00 | 1.00 | no | None - it doesn't exist. | This was a scam in the 1930s to bilk investors into buying worthless stock. The outside of the car's carburetor was machined to look different, and the car was fitted with a hidden extra gas tank, so the gas mileage tests showed a high mileage. Amazingly, people still believe it was real, and that oil companies somehow bought it just to keep it out of the hands of the public. |
Adding acetone to gasoline | .98 | 1.10 | no | Slight mileage improvement | Higher cost of the acetone; acetone evaporates and escapes |
Mini Supercharger | 1.10 | 1.10 | no | More power | Lower gas mileage, as it forces fuel into the engine when it is not needed |
Biodiesel | 1.00 | .90 | semi | Replaces diesel fuel with used cooking oil; cleaner exhaust | Limited supply; requires Diesel engine |
Ethanol E20 | 1.00 | 1.03 | semi | Replaces some gasoline with ethanol | Energy needed to make ethanol is almost as much as ethanol produces |
Ethanol E85 | 1.00 | 1.10 | semi | Replaces some gasoline with ethanol | Energy needed to make ethanol is almost as much as ethanol produces; needs engine modifications |
Natural gas conversion | 1.00 | .30 | no | Uses energy source found in US; lower pollution | Obtaining fuel in unfamiliar location; danger from leaks; needs engine modifications |
Hybrid gasoline/electric | .75 | .75 | no | Store wasted energy; recover braking energy | Initial cost; battery replacement cost; no winter mode; same kind of emissions as standard engine |
Hybrid gasoline/electric attachment | .90 | 1.05 | no | Charge at home, motors aid gas engine | Initial cost; battery replacement cost; no winter mode; same kind of emissions as standard engine; does not store braking energy; engine does not charge battery; no help on long trip |
Hydrogen powered car | 1.60 | 2.00 | depends on source |
Pollution is mainly confined to the original energy source | Not an energy source; uses 60% more energy than using original energy source; NOx emission; obtaining fuel in unfamiliar location; danger from leaks; no winter mode |
Hydrogen electrolysis booster attachment | 1.02 | 1.05 | no | None | Bad science; Uses more energy from the engine than it provides; produces dangerous chlorine gas if salt is added |
Home hydrogen production | 1.60 | 2.00 | depends on source |
Make hydrogen from water at home for use in car, using power lines | Uses 60% more energy than using original energy source; NOx emission; danger from leaks; produces dangerous chlorine gas if salt is added |
Electric car | 1.40 | 1.60 | depends on source |
Charge car from power lines at home to drive locally | Initial cost; battery replacement cost; no winter mode; limited range |
Compressed air | 1.80 | 2.50 | depends on source |
Pollution is mainly confined to the original energy source | Not an energy source; uses 80% more energy than using original energy source; obtaining fuel in unfamiliar location; danger from leaks; no winter mode |
HOME ENERGY
|
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Technology | Fuel Use |
Usage Cost |
Renew able |
Advantages | Disadvantages |
Added insulation | varies | 0 | semi | Slows energy leakage into and out of house | None |
Tubular fluorescents replace incandescent lamps | .25 | .35 | no | More efficient lighting; available in several colors; long life | Bright-lines and gaps in spectrum changes some colors; can't be used in special lighting equipment; can't be focused; burn out quick in motion detector lights |
Compact fluorescents replace incandescent lamps | .25 | .35 | no | More efficient lighting; available in several colors; long life | Bright-line (non-continuous) spectrum changes some colors; can't be used in special lighting equipment; burn out quick in motion detector lights |
Metallic halide arc lamps | .15 | .25 | no | More efficient lighting; available in several colors; long life | Bright-line (non-continuous) spectrum changes some colors; can't be used in special lighting equipment; take 10 minutes to start; large wattages required; high voltages |
Light Emitting Diodes replace incandescent lamps | .05 | .05 | no | Highly efficient lighting; available in several colors; very long life | Gaps in spectral response changes some colors; can't be used in special lighting equipment |
Dimmers | .95 | .95 | no | Reduces power consumption for incandescent lighting; lengthens lamp life | Can't be used with fluorescent lighting; works badly with light emitting diodes |
Air circulation fans | .90 | .92 | no | Reduces heating and cooling needs by circulating air | Effect depends on if heating or cooling savings outweigh power used by fans |
Phase control of electric power to motors | .80 | .80 | no | Reduces power draw of such motors as fans, slowing them down | Can damage some motors |
Pulse modulation of electric power to motors | .98 | .80 | no | None | This could be illegal, because it fools the electric meter into recording a lower power usage |
Setback thermostat | .80 | .80 | no | Turns down energy use at certain times of day | None |
Time clock switch on appliance | .80 | .80 | no | Shuts off appliance at certain times of day | Can erase settings in appliance |
Unplugging nonprogrammable appliances that are not in use | .99 | .99 | no | Stops energy use when appliances are not in use | Saving is very small; Doesn't save energy on appliances with real on-off switches that disconnect power |
Unplugging programmable appliances (e.g. VCR) that are not in use | 1.01 | 1.01 | no | Stops energy use when appliances are not in use | Saving is more than offset by time needed to put the program back in before using the appliance; time needed to reprogram appliance to work again |
Home hydrogen production | 1.60 | 2.00 | depends on source |
Make hydrogen from water at home for use in the home, using power lines | This is a scam; uses 60% more energy than using original energy source without providing any benefit (other than a gaseous fuel); NOx emission; danger from leaks; produces dangerous chlorine gas if salt is added |
POWER GENERATION
|
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Technology | Fuel Use |
Usage Cost |
Renew able |
Advantages | Disadvantages |
Coal power | 1.00 | .80 | no | Pollution is mainly confined to the generation site | Dirty, polluting exhaust |
Fuel oil power | 1.00 | 1.10 | no | Pollution is mainly confined to the generation site | High oil prices; polluting exhaust |
Natural gas power | 1.00 | 0.95 | no | Pollution is mainly confined to the generation site | Polluting exhaust; danger from leaks |
Wood power | 1.00 | .70 | yes | Can use wastes | Polluting exhaust; limited availability |
Garbage (biomass) power | .50 | 1.10 | semi | Gets rid of waste | Location critical; affects wildlife; polluting exhaust |
Hydroelectric power | 0 | .80 | yes | No pollution | Location critical; affects wildlife |
Geothermal power | 0 | .80 | yes | No pollution | Location critical |
Wind power | 0 | .80 | yes | No pollution | Location critical; affects wildlife; not reliable on a daily basis, limited amounts |
Solar power | 0 | 1.40 | yes | No pollution | Not reliable on a daily basis, limited amounts, weather damage |
Tidal power | 0 | .80 | yes | No pollution | Location critical; affects wildlife; not reliable on a daily basis |
Wave power | 0 | .80 | yes | No pollution | Location critical; not reliable on a daily basis |
Nuclear power | .50 | .80 | no | Abundant source | Hazardous wastes, potential use to make weapons |
Methane hydrate | 1.00 | 1.05 | no | Mining it removes ocean hazard; produces natural gas substitute | Accidental underwater release can sink ships; polluting exhaust; danger from leaks |
Coal gasification | 1.10 | 1.20 | no | Makes a natural gas substitute | Loss of energy to change form and chemical composition; hazard from leaks; no change in CO2 |
Exhaust converting algae beds | .99 | 1.10 | no | Produces food or fuel from the algae | Large size of beds to convert a substantial amount of CO2; doesn't work at night |
CO2 Sequestering | 1.05 | 1.10 | no | None | Power needed to compress CO2; possible leaks |
Hydrogen from water | 1.66 | 2.00 | depends on source |
Pollution is mainly confined to the original energy source; can be used to store a portion of power that would otherwise be wasted | Not an energy source; energy used to dissociate water IS the energy stored in the hydrogen; uses 66% more energy than using original energy source; NOx emission; danger from leaks; hazard from electrolyte |
Hydrogen from alkanes | 1.60 | 2.50 | no | Pollution is mainly confined to the original energy source; plus the byproducts | Less efficient than the original fuel; uses 60% more energy than using original energy source; NOx emission; danger from leaks; byproducts |
Hydrogen from aluminum | 2.60 | 4.50 | no | Pollution is mainly confined to the original energy source; plus the byproducts | All claims about this ignore the cost and energy used to produce the aluminum and lye; uses 160% more energy than using original energy source; NOx emission; danger from leaks; byproducts |
Cold Fusion | 9.99 | 9.99 | no | None | Bad science; This was hypothesized to be catalyzed fusion of deuterium in heavy water; The observed reaction was due to impurities in the palladium chemically reacting with the water; Not an energy source |
Hot Fusion | ? | ? | yes | No pollution | Theoretically possible, but has not been achieved; in the distant future if at all |
The following are commonly believed fallacies in the field of energy production and use:
The oil companies buy up alternate technologies to keep people from buying less oil.
This is ridiculous. If the oil companies do have such inventions, they could make more money by selling such devices than they could by selling oil. The only explanation for such a claim (that companies bought up technology to suppress it) that makes any sense is that it is a cover up for the fact that the technology either was fake, or didn't work as claimed.
Oil companies can control the price of oil.
If an oil company raises its prices, the other oil companies can make more money by NOT raising their prices. They then gain the business the company that raised its prices loses. Only an entity with a monopoly can control prices. Oil companies are not monopolies. But some governments, and OPEC, do have monopoly powers.
Hydrogen is an energy source.
Hydrogen is a means for storing and transporting energy. But any process used to get hydrogen uses up more energy than is returned by using the hydrogen as a fuel.
Hydrogen engines and fuel cells produce only water as an exhaust.
If air is used instead of pure oxygen, the process of using the energy stored in the hydrogen also produces nitrogen oxides, which are considered to be pollutants.
Salt is just a catalyst, and does not enter the process of water electrolysis.
Not only does the salt enter the reaction, but it changes the products of the reaction. Instead of hydrogen and oxygen, the electrolysis of salt water produces hydrogen, chlorine, and sodium hydroxide. The last two are deadly poisons.
One place where it looks like there is a gain in energy due to this reaction is that the chlorine so produced is released into the atmosphere, but oxygen taken from the atmosphere is used to burn the hydrogen. The trouble with this is that the chlorine and sodium hydroxide are released into the environment as pollutants, in exchange for the energy gain. The chlorine then contributes to acid rain or lung diseases.
It is possible to find a catalyst that reduces the energy needed to electrolyze water to the point that more energy can be obtained from the hydrogen than is put into the electrolysis.
Catalysts can reduce the activation energy of an exothermic reaction. But electrolysis of water is endothermic. There is no possible way to reduce the energy required to separate water into hydrogen and oxygen. (Salt water reduces the energy by changing the products.) Anyone searching for such a catalyst is wasting his time.
Chlorophyll is a catalyst.
Chlorophyll fits the definition of a catalyst only in the sense that it is not consumed in the reaction, and that it does produce a reaction. But the difference is that chlorophyll uses light energy to power the reaction.
Vehicles can be built to get any desired gasoline mileage.
There is a finite amount of energy in a gallon of gasoline. How it is used depends on the design. But you can't get more energy than the gasoline contains. The variables to be traded off are acceleration rates, vehicle mass, vehicle strength, and available power.
Devices that make hydrogen from electrical power taken from the engine can increase gas mileage.
This is a scam. The energy taken from the engine to electrolyze the water is always greater than the energy the hydrogen so produced can deliver.
Government can do the best job of finding alternate energy sources.
Government is ill-equipped to do any kind of research properly, because most government officials put politics above finding the truth.
Alternate energy does not gain from the false beliefs listed here. Instead, the false beliefs cause others to think the entire alternate energy movement is an attempt to impose socialist beliefs on others.
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